Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Level 1 (Pre-Conventional)

1. Obedience and punishment orientation

2. Self-interest orientation

( What's in it for me?)

Level 2 (Conventional)

3. Interpersonal accord and conformity

( The good boy/good girl attitude)

4. Authority and social-order maintaining orientation

( Law and order morality)

Level 3 (Post-Conventional)

5. Social contract orientation

6. Universal ethical principles

( Principled conscience)

Heinz's Dilemma

In Europe, a woman was near death from cancer. One drug might save her, a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The druggist was charging $2000, ten times what the drug had cost him to make. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could get together only about half of what it should cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or to let him pay later. But the druggist said no. The husband got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife.

Should the husband have done that? Why?

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Kohlberg, Lawrence. Collected Papers on Moral Development and Moral Education. Cambridge: Moral Education and Research Foundation, Harvard University Education Foundation, 1973.

Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982.

Kohlberg's stages of moral development. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 04, 2007, from Answers.com Web site: http://www.answers.com/topic/kohlberg-s-stages-of-moral-development

Robert Selman's Levels of Perspective Taking

Level 0: Egocentric Perspective Taking
Level 1: Subjective Perspective Taking
Level 2: Second-Person, Reciprocal Perspective Taking
Level 3: Third-Person, Mutual Perspective Taking
Level 4: Societal, Symbolic Perspective Taking

Marcia's Four Stages of Identity in Adolescence

James Marcia - is best known for his work in the social psychology of development, where he expanded on the Psychosocial Theory work of Erik Erikson.

* Identity Diffusion, the stage in which the young person is not currently going through a crisis and has not made a commitment
* Identity Foreclosure, the stage in which the young person has made a commitment without having gone through a crisis
* Identity Moratorium, the stage in which the young person is currently in a crisis but has not made a commitment
* Identity Achievement, the stage in which the person has gone through a crisis and has made a commitment to a certain value or role

James Marcia. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 04, 2007, from Answers.com Web site: http://www.answers.com/topic/james-marcia